Cov Teeb Taub Hau Uas Muaj Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj CE: Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai Rau Cov Neeg Ntshuam Khoom (Hloov Kho Tshiab Xyoo 2025)

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov teeb taub hau ua tau raws li cov qauv ntawv pov thawj CE ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam European hauv xyoo 2025. Cov kev ua tam sim ntawd suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas cov ntawv pov thawj homologation khoom thiab npaj cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom kom raug. Cov kev pheej hmoo ua raws li feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tsis tau raws li cov cai tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tebchaws, kev cia siab rau cov neeg xa khoom tsis ntseeg siab, thiab tsis muaj kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai kom raug. Cov neeg xa khoom kuj ntsib teeb meem xws li kev xa khoom qeeb, kev poob nyiaj txiag, thiab kev tsis lees txais cov khoom ntawm kev lis kev cai. Kev mloog zoo rau kev ua raws li CE teeb taub hau txo qhov kev raug rau kev lav phib xaub thiab txhim kho kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.

• Cov kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb uas cov neeg xa khoom tuaj ntsib:
  • Cov ntawv pov thawj homologation uas ploj lawm
  • Cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai tsis raug
  • Cov neeg muab khoom tsis txhim khu kev qha
  • Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tsis raug cai
  • Cov lus cog tseg tsis meej

Cov Ntsiab Lus Tseem Ceeb

• Cov neeg xa khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov headlamps muaj cov khoom siv tiv thaiv.Daim ntawv pov thawj CE siv tauthiab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xav tau ua ntej nkag mus rau hauv EU kev ua lag luam kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev cai lij choj thiab kev xa khoom qeeb.
• Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua raws li txoj caisuav nrog kev lees paub cov khoom kuaj, cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab, Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Kev Ua Raws Cai, thiab daim ntawv lo CE thiab E-cim kom raug rau ntawm lub teeb taub hau.
• Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm EU xws li Low Voltage, EMC, RoHS, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb photobiological ua kom lub teeb taub hau ua tau raws li kev nyab xeeb, ib puag ncig, thiab kev ua tau zoo.
• Kev tswj cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom tuaj uas tau teeb tsa zoo thiab ua kev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej xa khoom pab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem kev lis kev cai thiab tiv thaiv lub koob npe nrov ua lag luam.
• Kev ua haujlwm ze nrog cov neeg muab khoom ntseeg siab thiab cov neeg soj ntsuam sab nraud txhawb nqa kev ua raws cai thiab txhawb kev nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam zoo hauv xyoo 2025.

Kev ua raws li CE lub teeb taub hau: Cov Ntawv Pov Thawj Tseem Ceeb

Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj CE yog dab tsi?

Daim ntawv pov thawj CEua haujlwm ua ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm tias cov khoom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm kev nyab xeeb, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab ib puag ncig uas European Union tau teeb tsa. Rau cov teeb taub hau, cov txheej txheem no suav nrog ntau kauj ruam tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias ua raws li txoj cai.

1. Txheeb xyuas cov lus qhia ntawm EU, xws li Low Voltage Directive (2014/35/EU), Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive (2014/30/EU), thiab Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (2011/65/EU).
2. Txheeb xyuas seb cov qauv European Norms (hENs) twg siv rau lub teeb taub hau.
3. Ua qhov kev ntsuam xyuas kev ua raws li qhov tsim nyog, suav nrog kev sim khoom thiab kev txheeb xyuas.
4. Sau ib daim ntawv qhia txog kev siv tshuab nrog rau kev tsim qauv, kev tsim khoom, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xeem.
5. Koom nrog Lub Koom Haum Tau Txais Kev Ceeb Toom yog tias qhov kev faib tawm khoom xav tau.
6. Npaj thiab tshaj tawm EU Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai.
7. Muab lub cim CE lo rau ntawm lub teeb taub hau kom pom tseeb.
   Cov kauj ruam no lees paub tias lub teeb taub hau ua tau raws li txhua tus qauv EU thiab tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam European raws li txoj cai.

Vim li cas Headlamps thiaj li xav tau CE Marking

Cov teeb taub hau poob rau hauv ntau cov lus qhia ntawm EU uas yuav tsum tau muaj cim CE. Lub cim CE qhia rau cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg siv khoom tias cov khoom ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb, kev noj qab haus huv, thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum ua pov thawj tias ua raws li cov qauv los ntawm kev sau cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab thiab ua qhov kev sim tsim nyog. Cov neeg xa khoom thiab cov neeg faib khoom sib koom lub luag haujlwm los xyuas kom meej tias lub teeb taub hau ua raws li CE. Lub cim CE tsis yog tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua raws li txoj cai xwb tab sis kuj yog lub cim ntawm cov khoom zoo thiab kev ntseeg siab.

Lus Cim: Rau lub teeb pom kev ntawm lub tsheb, lub cim E kuj yog qhov yuav tsum muaj. Lub cim no lees paub tias ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub tsheb raws li cov cai ECE, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev muag khoom raug cai thiab siv ntawm txoj kev EU.

Cov Kev Cai Lij Choj ntawm Kev Tsis Ua Raws Cai

Kev xa cov teeb taub hau tsis muaj qhov tsim nyogCE headlight ua raws lituaj yeem ua rau muaj kev rau txim loj heev raws li txoj cai.

• Cov tub ceev xwm yuav txwv tsis pub cov khoom nkag mus rau hauv EU kev ua lag luam.
• Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav raug nplua thiab yuav tsum tau rov qab xa khoom rov qab.
• Kev tsis ua raws li txoj cai yuav ua rau lub koob npe nrov ntawm cov neeg xa khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom puas tsuaj.
• Cov koom haum tswj hwm yuav siv txoj cai rau txim, ua rau kev xa cov teeb taub hau tsis ua raws li txoj cai yog txhaum cai.
  Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj thiab Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai. Yog tsis ua raws li cov cai no ces yuav ua rau muaj kev rau txim thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau kev lag luam.

Txheeb xyuas Cov Lus Qhia Siv Tau rau kev ua raws li CE headlamp

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum txheeb xyuas thiab nkag siab txog cov lus qhia tseem ceeb ntawm EU uas siv rau cov teeb taub hau ua ntej muab cov khoom tso rau hauv kev lag luam European. Cov lus qhia no yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua raws li CE lub teeb taub hau thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb, hluav taws xob, thiab ib puag ncig. Cov lus qhia tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov teeb taub hau suav nrog:

• Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Tsawg (LVD) 2014/35/EU
• Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Sib Txuas Lus Hluav Taws Xob (EMC) 2014/30/EU
• Cov Lus Qhia Txog Kev Txwv Cov Khoom Phom Sij (RoHS) 2011/65/EU

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Qhov Hluav Taws Xob Tsawg (LVD)

Cov Lus Qhia Txog Qhov Hluav Taws Xob Tsawg (2014/35/EU) siv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas ua haujlwm nrog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm 50 thiab 1000 V rau hluav taws xob hloov pauv thiab ntawm 75 thiab 1500 V rau hluav taws xob ncaj qha. Feem ntau cov teeb taub hau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas siv roj teeb rov qab tau lossis cov chaw muab hluav taws xob sab nraud, poob rau hauv qhov ntau no. LVD ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo rau cov neeg siv lossis khoom vaj khoom tsev. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum tsim cov teeb taub hau kom tiv thaiv kev poob hluav taws xob, hluav taws, thiab lwm yam kev phom sij thaum siv ib txwm thiab kev siv tsis raug. Kev ua raws li LVD yuav tsum muaj kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo kom meej, ua raws li cov qauv sib haum xeeb, thiab cov lus qhia meej rau cov neeg siv. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias txhua lub teeb taub hau tau dhau los ua qhov kev sim zoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj qhia tau tias ua raws li cov lus qhia.

Kev Sib Txuas Lus Hluav Taws Xob (EMC)

Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Sib Haum Xeeb ntawm Lub Teeb Hluav Taws Xob (2014/30/EU) teeb tsa cov kev cai rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob kom txwv tsis pub muaj kev tso tawm hluav taws xob thiab xyuas kom muaj kev tiv thaiv rau kev cuam tshuam sab nraud. Cov teeb taub hau, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj cov tsav tsheb LED lossis cov tswj hwm hluav taws xob, yuav tsum tsis txhob cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov khoom siv thiab yuav tsum ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum muaj suab nrov hluav taws xob. Kev kuaj EMC yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem pov thawj rau cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo hauv tsheb. Kev kuaj suav nrog ob qho tseem ceeb: kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob (EMI), uas ntsuas cov pa phem, thiab kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob (EMS), uas ntsuas kev tiv thaiv rau kev cuam tshuam xws li kev tso tawm hluav taws xob thiab kev nce hluav taws xob. Cov koom haum pov thawj, suav nrog Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Pov Thawj Tsheb (VCA), xav kom cov teeb taub hau dhau cov kev xeem no ua ntej pom zoo. Tsuas yog cov khoom uas ua tau raws li cov kev cai EMC thiaj li tuaj yeem tso saib lub cim CE, thiab cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev lag luam ua raws li cov cai no.

Lub Tswv Yim: Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum thov cov ntawv qhia txog kev xeem EMC thiab xyuas kom meej tias cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab suav nrog cov txiaj ntsig rau kev xeem EMI thiab EMS. Cov ntaub ntawv no txhawb nqa cov txheej txheem ua raws li CE headlamp thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ncua sijhawm ntawm kev lis kev cai.

Kev Txwv Cov Khoom Phom Sij (RoHS)

Daim Ntawv Qhia RoHS (2011/65/EU) txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj lom hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab khoom siv hluav taws xob, suav nrog cov teeb taub hau. Daim ntawv qhia no tsom mus rau kev tiv thaiv tib neeg txoj kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub muaj cov khoom lom hauv cov khoom siv rau cov neeg siv khoom. Cov teeb taub hau yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj qhov siab tshaj plaws hauv qab no los ntawm qhov hnyav hauv cov khoom sib xws:

1. Cov hlau txhuas (Pb): 0.1%
2. Mercury (Hg): 0.1%
3. Cadmium (Cd): 0.01%
4. Hexavalent Chromium (CrVI): 0.1%
5. Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB): 0.1%
6. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE): 0.1%
7. Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP): 0.1%
8. Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP): 0.1%
9. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP): 0.1%
10. Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP): 0.1%

Cov kev txwv no siv rau txhua yam khoom, suav nrog cov sensors, switches, hlau coatings, thiab yas npog. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum muab pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws li txoj cai, feem ntau los ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov khoom siv thiab cov ntawv qhia kev kuaj hauv chaw kuaj mob. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias cov neeg muag khoom tau siv RoHS cov kev tswj hwm thoob plaws hauv cov saw hlau xa khoom kom tsis txhob ua raws li txoj cai thiab tej zaum yuav raug hu rov qab.

Lus Cim: Kev ua raws li RoHS tsis yog tsuas yog ib qho kev lav ris raws li txoj cai xwb tab sis kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim kev ntseeg siab nrog cov neeg siv khoom uas paub txog ib puag ncig.

EN 62471: Kev Nyab Xeeb Txog Duab

EN 62471: 2008 teeb tsa tus qauv rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, suav nrog cov teeb taub hau. Tus qauv European no ntsuas cov kev pheej hmoo uas cov teeb pom kev zoo ua rau tib neeg lub qhov muag thiab daim tawv nqaij. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum ntsuas lawv cov khoom rau cov kev phom sij xws li ultraviolet (UV) hluav taws xob, lub teeb xiav, thiab cov pa tawm infrared. Cov kev pheej hmoo no tuaj yeem ua rau qhov muag tsis xis nyob, khaus tawv nqaij, lossis txawm tias puas tsuaj mus sij hawm ntev yog tias tsis tswj hwm kom zoo.

Kev kuaj raws li EN 62471 suav nrog kev ntsuas qhov tso zis spectral ntawm lub teeb taub hau. Cov chaw soj nstuam siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb los txiav txim siab seb cov khoom puas poob rau hauv cov kev txwv kev nyab xeeb. Tus qauv faib cov kev pheej hmoo ua plaub pawg:

• Pawg Tsis Muaj Kev Phom Sij: Tsis Muaj Kev Phom Sij Txog Duab
• Pawg Kev Pheej Hmoo 1: Kev Pheej Hmoo Tsawg
• Pawg Kev Pheej Hmoo 2: Kev Pheej Hmoo Nruab Nrab
• Pawg Kev Pheej Hmoo 3: Kev Pheej Hmoo Siab

Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum sau cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev faib pawg neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum thov cov ntawv qhia kev xeem uas lees paub tias ua raws li EN 62471. Cov ntawv qhia no muab pov thawj tias lub teeb taub hau tsis tshaj qhov kev nyab xeeb rau cov neeg siv.

Lus Cim: Kev ua raws li EN 62471 yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua raws li CE headlight. Cov tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem thov cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb photobiological thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas kev lis kev cai.

Lub teeb taub hau uas ua tau raws li EN 62471 qhov yuav tsum tau ua qhia txog kev cog lus rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg siv. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj uas lees paub qhov kev ua raws li qhov no txo ​​qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev rov qab xa khoom thiab txhim kho lawv lub koob npe nrov hauv kev ua lag luam.

ECE R112 thiab R148: Cov Qauv Teeb Pom Kev Zoo rau Txoj Kev

ECE R112 thiab ECE R148 tsim cov kev cai rau cov teeb taub hau raug cai hauv Tebchaws Europe. Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) no siv rau cov tshuab teeb pom kev zoo hauv tsheb, suav nrog cov teeb taub hau siv rau ntawm cov tsheb.

ECE R112 npog cov teeb taub hau nrog cov qauv teeb tsa asymmetric, feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov teeb taub hau qis. ECE R148 hais txog cov khoom siv teeb liab thiab teeb pom kev zoo, xws li teeb khiav thaum nruab hnub thiab teeb pom kev zoo. Ob qho qauv qhia meej txog cov cai rau:

• Kev faib tawm ntawm lub teeb thiab lub zog
• Tus qauv ntawm lub teeb thiab qhov txiav tawm
• Kub xim
• Kev ruaj khov thiab kev co tsis kam

Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum xa cov teeb taub hau mus rau kev kuaj pom zoo hom ntawm cov chaw soj nstuam uas tau lees paub. Cov txheej txheem kuaj xyuas kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom ua tau raws li txhua yam kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb. Thaum pom zoo, lub teeb taub hau tau txais E-cim, uas yuav tsum tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom nrog rau CE cim.

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias txhua lub teeb taub hau uas siv rau kev tsav tsheb muaj ob qho tib si CE thiab E-cim. Daim ntawv pov thawj ob daim no ua kom ntseeg tau tias ua raws li txoj cai thiab kev xa khoom mus rau txawv teb chaws tau zoo.

Lub Tswv Yim: Ib txwm xyuas sebdaim ntawv pov thawj pom zoo homthiab tus lej E-cim ua ntej xa cov teeb taub hau rau tsheb tuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv no ua pov thawj tias cov khoom ua tau raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb ntawm txoj kev hauv Tebchaws Europe.

Kev ua raws li ECE R112 thiab R148 yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua raws li CE headlight rau cov khoom lag luam tsheb. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj uas ua raws li cov qauv no zam cov teeb meem kev cai lij choj thiab lav tias lawv cov khoom muaj kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv ntawm txoj kev pej xeem.

Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Cai rau kev ua raws li CE headlight

Cov Ntaub Ntawv Tseem Ceeb rau Kev Ua Raws Cai ntawm Lub Teeb Taub Hau

Cov neeg xa khoom yuav tsum tau sau ib pawg khoom tiavcov ntaub ntawv kev txawj ntseua ntej muab lub teeb taub hau tso rau hauv kev lag luam European. Cov ntaub ntawv no ua pov thawj tias cov khoom ua tau raws li txhua txoj cai lij choj thiab kev nyab xeeb. Cov tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem thov cov ntaub ntawv no thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas kev lis kev cai lossis kev saib xyuas kev ua lag luam. Cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab yuav tsum muaj xws li:

• Kev piav qhia txog khoom thiab kev siv
• Tsim thiab tsim cov duab kos
• Daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv thiab cov npe ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw
• Cov ntawv qhia txog kev xeem thiab daim ntawv pov thawj
• Kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb
• Cov ntawv qhia siv thiab cov lus qhia teeb tsa
• Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai

Lub Tswv Yim: Khaws tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv kom zoo thiab siv tau tsawg kawg 10 xyoo tom qab cov khoom kawg tau muab tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam.

Cov Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Xeem thiab Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj (ISO 3001: 2017, ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019)

Cov ntawv qhia txog kev xeem thiab daim ntawv pov thawj yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab. Cov chaw soj nstuam sim cov teeb taub hau raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb thiab cheeb tsam. ISO 3001: 2017 suav nrog kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb rau kev siv tes ua teeb pom kev zoo, suav nrog lub zog ntawm lub teeb thiab lub roj teeb lub neej. ANSI/PLATO FL 1-2019 muab cov qauv ntxiv rau qhov ci ntsa iab, kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam, thiab kev ua tau zoo tiv thaiv dej. Cov ntawv qhia no qhia tau tias lub teeb taub hau ua tau raws li kev cia siab thoob ntiaj teb thiab European. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum thov daim ntawv pov thawj xeem thawj los ntawm cov neeg muab khoom thiab txheeb xyuas lawv qhov tseeb.

Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Kev Pheej Hmoo thiab Cov Ntaub Ntawv Kev Nyab Xeeb

Kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo kom meej meej qhia txog tej yam txaus ntshai uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv lub teeb taub hau. Cov chaw tsim khoom tshuaj xyuas cov kev pheej hmoo xws li kev poob hluav taws xob, kev kub dhau, thiab cov teebmeem photobiological. Lawv sau cov kev ntsuas tiv thaiv thiab cov yam ntxwv kev nyab xeeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab. Cov ntawv qhia kev nyab xeeb kuj tseem yuav tsum muaj rau cov roj teeb lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv no kom paub tseeb tias txhua yam kev pheej hmoo tau raug daws lawm. Cov kauj ruam no txhawb nqa kev ua raws li CE lub teeb taub hau thiab qhia txog kev cog lus rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm tus neeg siv.

Cov tub ceev xwm yuav thov kom muaj kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas lossis kev tshuaj xyuas. Ib txwm khaws cov ntaub ntawv no kom tshiab tas li.

Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai rau CE headlight ua raws li

Yuav Npaj Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Li Cas

Cov chaw tsim khoom lossis lawv cov neeg sawv cev raug cai yuav tsum npaj Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai (DoC) ua ntej muab lub teeb taub hau tso rau hauv kev lag luam European. Daim ntawv no lees paub tias cov khoom ua tau raws li txhua yam kev qhia ntawm EU thiab cov qauv sib haum xeeb. Kev npaj pib nrog kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab. Tus neeg muaj lub luag haujlwm yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias txhua daim ntawv qhia kev xeem, kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj tiav thiab raug. Lawv yuav tsum xa mus rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv siv thaum lub sijhawm ntsuam xyuas kev ua raws cai. Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai yuav tsum meej, luv luv, thiab sau ua lus EU raug cai. Cov neeg xa khoom yuav tsum thov daim ntawv theej ntawm Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai los ntawm lawv cov neeg muab khoom thiab txheeb xyuas nws cov ntsiab lus ua ntej txuas ntxiv nrog kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai.

Lub Tswv Yim: Khaws daim DoC kom yooj yim nrhiav tau. Cov tub ceev xwm yuav thov nws thaum lub sijhawm tshuaj xyuas lossis tshuaj xyuas.

Cov Ntaub Ntawv thiab Hom Ntawv Yuav Tsum Muaj

Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai yuav tsum muaj ntau yam tseem ceeb. Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog cov ntaub ntawv xav tau:

Cov hom ntawv yuav tsum ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab thiab yooj yim nyeem. Daim DoC yuav tsum tau kos npe thiab hnub tim. Cov kos npe digital yog siv tau yog tias lawv ua tau raws li EU cov cai.

Leej Twg Yuav Tsum Kos Npe Rau Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm

Lub luag haujlwm rau kev kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev Ua Raws Cai yog nyob ntawm tus neeg tsim khoom lossis lawv tus neeg sawv cev raug cai. Los ntawm kev kos npe, tog no lees txais tag nrho lub luag haujlwm raws li txoj cai rau cov khoom ua raws li EU txoj cai. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov kev xa khoom ntawm lub teeb taub hau muaj DoC siv tau thiab yuav tsum khaws ib daim qauv rau tsawg kawg 10 xyoo. Txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg xa khoom tsis kos npe rau DoC. Txoj cai no siv rau txhua qhov kev xa khoom ntawm lub teeb taub hau, tsis muaj kev zam. Kev ua raws li cov txheej txheem no txhawb nqaCE headlight ua raws lithiab tiv thaiv txhua tus neeg los ntawm kev pheej hmoo raws li txoj cai.

• Tus neeg tsim khoom lossis tus neeg sawv cev tau tso cai kos npe rau DoC.
• Tus neeg xa khoom tuaj xyuas kom meej tias DoC nrog cov khoom thiab khaws cia ib daim qauv.
• Tus neeg xa khoom tuaj tsis kos npe rau daim ntawv DoC.

Lus Cim: Yog ua tsis tau raws li cov cai no ces yuav ua rau kev lis kev cai qeeb lossis kev ua raws li txoj cai.

Kev kos npe CE rau lub teeb taub hau

Qhov Chaw thiab Qhov Loj Yuav Tsum Tau Ua

Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum tso covcim CEpom tseeb, nyeem tau yooj yim, thiab tsis ploj ntawm lub teeb taub hau lossis nws daim ntawv qhia cov ntaub ntawv. Lub cim yuav tsum tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom nws tus kheej thaum twg ua tau. Yog tias tus qauv lossis qhov loj ntawm lub teeb taub hau tiv thaiv qhov no, lub cim CE yuav mus rau ntawm lub ntim khoom lossis cov ntaub ntawv nrog. Qhov siab tsawg kawg nkaus rau lub cim CE yog 5 hli. Qhov loj me no ua kom cov tub ceev xwm kev lis kev cai thiab cov tub ceev xwm saib xyuas kev ua lag luam tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov khoom ua raws li txoj cai tau yooj yim.

Lub cim CE yuav tsum tsis txhob hloov lossis tsis zoo. Qhov sib piv thiab qhov sib nrug yuav tsum phim tus qauv tsim raug cai. Cov chaw tsim khoom tuaj yeem rub tawm cov duab kos CE kom raug los ntawm lub vev xaib European Commission. Lub cim yuav tsum sib txawv nrog keeb kwm yav dhau los kom pom tseeb tshaj plaws. Qee lub tuam txhab siv laser engraving lossis luam ntawv ruaj khov kom ntseeg tau tias lub cim tseem nyeem tau thoob plaws lub neej ntawm cov khoom.

Lus Qhia: Ib txwm xyuas cov khoom kawg kom paub tseeb tias lub cim CE muaj thiab ua tau raws li txhua yam kev cai ua ntej xa khoom.

Cov Yuam Kev Feem Ntau Yuav Tsum Tsis Txhob Ua

Muaj ntau tus neeg xa khoom tuaj thiab cov chaw tsim khoom ua yuam kev thaum lo lub cim CE. Cov yuam kev no tuaj yeem ncua kev xa khoom lossis ua rau muaj kev ua raws li txoj cai. Cov teeb meem feem ntau suav nrog:

• Siv qhov loj lossis cov ntawv tsis raug rau lub cim CE
• Tsuas yog muab lub cim tso rau ntawm lub ntim khoom thaum muaj qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom
• Siv lub cim ua ntej ua tiav txhua kauj ruam ntawm kev ua raws li CE headlamp
• Tsis suav lub cim tag nrho los yog siv cov qauv tsis ua raws li txoj cai
• Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub cim CE nrog lwm cov cim hauv txoj kev uas ua rau muaj kev tsis meej pem

Cov tub ceev xwm yuav ntes cov khoom lossis nplua yog tias lawv pom cov yuam kev no. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum tshuaj xyuas cov qauv thiab thov cov duab los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom ua ntej xa khoom. Lawv kuj yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kuaj xyuas kev ua raws li txoj cai ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas zoo.

Lus Cim: Kev cim CE kom raug qhia txog kev cog lus rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ua raws li txoj cai. Nws kuj pab kom tsis txhob muaj kev ncua sijhawm kim heev ntawm kev lis kev cai.

Cov Ntawv Cim thiab Cov Luag Haujlwm Ib puag ncig

Cov Kev Cai ntawm Daim Ntawv Cim WEEE

Cov khoom siv teeb taub haumuag hauv European Union yuav tsum ua raws li Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob thiab Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Pov Tseg (WEEE) Directive. Txoj cai no faib cov teeb taub hau ua cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, uas txhais tau tias lawv xav tau daim ntawv lo thiab kev tuav pov hwm tshwj xeeb. Lub cim thoob khib nyiab uas muaj log hla tawm yuav tsum tshwm sim ncaj qha rau ntawm cov khoom. Yog tias tus qauv tsim khoom tsis tso cai rau qhov no, lub cim tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm lub ntim khoom. Rau cov teeb taub hau muag tom qab xyoo 2005, lub cim yuav tsum muaj ib kab dub hauv qab lossis qhia hnub tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam. Lub cim qhia tus neeg tsim khoom, xws li hom lossis lub cim lag luam, kuj yuav tsum muaj. EN 50419 piav qhia txog cov kev cai cim no, thaum EN 50625-2-1 hais txog kev kho thiab kev rov ua dua tshiab. Cov neeg tsim khoom yuav tsum sau npe hauv EU thiab teeb tsa cov txheej txheem rau kev sau thiab rov ua dua tshiab kom ntseeg tau tias ua raws li tag nrho.

Lus Cim: Kev sau npe thiab kev sau npe WEEE kom raug yuav pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig thiab txhawb nqa kev siv dua tshiab uas muaj lub luag haujlwm.

Cov Lus Qhia Txog ErP

Cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov neeg xa khoom ntawm cov teeb taub hau yuav tsum ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob (ErP) Directive (EU) 2019/2020. Cov lus qhia no teeb tsa cov qauv tsim qauv rau cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo, suav nrog cov teeb taub hau. Cov luag haujlwm tseem ceeb suav nrog:

1. Ua tau raws li cov kev cai tshiab ntawm kev tsim qauv ib puag ncig uas txhim kho kev siv hluav taws xob kom zoo dua thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig.
2. Ua raws li cov txheej txheem sim tshiab, xws li kev sim cov nyhuv stroboscopic thiab kev kuaj xyuas kev hloov pauv zog ntawm tus tsav tsheb.
3. Xws li daim ntawv lo rau ntawm cov khoom lossis lub ntim khoom uas qhia txog qhov ci ntsa iab, qhov kub ntawm xim, thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub teeb.
4. Muab cov ntaub ntawv ntim khoom kom ntxaws, xws li cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob, lub neej ntsuas, kev siv hluav taws xob, thiab lub zog tos.
5. Ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem ntawv pov thawj ErP ua ntej muab cov khoom tso rau hauv kev ua lag luam EU, uas cuam tshuam nrog daim ntawv thov, cov ntaub ntawv khoom, kev kuaj qauv, thiab kev sau npe.
6. Xyuas kom meej tias tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj ua ntej hnub siv txoj cai kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kev lis kev cai.

Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias txhua cov ntaub ntawv muaj tseeb thiab hloov tshiab kom thiaj li nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam tau.

Kev Ua Raws Cai REACH thiab Lwm Cov Ntawv Cim Ib puag ncig

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj rau hauv lub teeb taub hau yuav tsum xav txog REACH (Kev Sau Npe, Kev Ntsuam Xyuas, Kev Tso Cai, thiab Kev Txwv Cov Tshuaj). Txoj cai no txwv tsis pub siv qee cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv cov khoom muag hauv EU. Cov chaw tsim khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias lub teeb taub hau tsis muaj cov tshuaj txwv tshaj qhov txwv uas tau tso cai. Lawv yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ua pov thawj tias ua raws li txoj cai thiab hloov kho nws thaum cov cai hloov pauv. Lwm cov ntawv lo rau ib puag ncig, xws li kev ntsuas kev siv hluav taws xob lossis cov ntawv lo rau eco, yuav siv tau nyob ntawm hom khoom thiab kev ua lag luam. Cov ntawv lo no pab cov neeg siv khoom xaiv cov kev xaiv uas paub zoo thiab qhia txog kev cog lus rau kev ruaj khov.

Lub Tswv Yim: Nyob twj ywm nrogcov cai ib puag ncigthiab cov kev cai ntawm daim ntawv lo txhawb nqa kev coj ua lag luam uas muaj lub luag haujlwm thiab kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai kom du.

Cov Kev Cai Tshwj Xeeb rau Kev Xa Khoom Tuaj thiab Kev Lis Kev Cai rau Lub Teeb Pom Kev CE

Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txog Kev Xa Khoom Tuaj EU

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum npaj ntau daim ntawv pov thawj kom ntseeg tau tias cov teeb taub hau CE tau ntawv pov thawj nkag mus rau hauv European Union tau yooj yim. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv kev lis kev cai xav tau Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Luv Luv rau hnub xa khoom tuaj, uas piav qhia txog kev xa khoom thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom. Daim Ntawv Tswjfwm Ib Leeg (SAD) ua haujlwm ua daim ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev lis kev cai, suav nrog cov se thiab VAT rau txhua lub tebchaws uas yog tswv cuab ntawm EU. Txhua tus neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum tuav tus lej EORI uas siv tau los xa cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev lis kev cai thiab pab txhawb cov txheej txheem kev tshem tawm.

Yuav tsum muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev siv tshuab ua ke nrog txhua yam khoom xa tuaj. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum muaj cov lus piav qhia txog cov khoom, cov duab qhia txog lub voj voog, cov npe ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw, cov ntawv qhia txog kev sim, thiab cov lus qhia rau cov neeg siv.Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai(DoC) yuav tsum xa mus rau txhua cov lus qhia ntawm EU, xws li Low Voltage Directive, EMC Directive, Eco-design Directive, thiab RoHS Directive. DoC yuav tsum teev cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov khoom lag luam, thiab cov neeg kos npe. Lub cim CE yuav tsum tshwm sim ntawm cov khoom, pom tseeb thiab tsawg kawg 5 hli siab. Cov neeg xa khoom kuj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias txhua qhov kev cai ntawm daim ntawv lo, suav nrog WEEE thiab cov ntawv lo ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas cuam tshuam nrog lub zog, tau ua tiav. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv kev lis kev cai tuaj yeem thov cov ntaub ntawv no txhua lub sijhawm, yog li cov neeg xa khoom yuav tsum khaws cia kom yooj yim nkag mus.

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum lav ris tag nrho rau kev ua raws li cov cai ntawm EU thiab kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai. Kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm lwm tus neeg tuaj yeem pab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua raws li cov cai.

Kev Ua Raws Cai thiab Kev Lis Kev Cai ntawm UK

Lub tebchaws United Kingdom siv nws cov cai ua raws li cov khoom lag luam tom qab Brexit. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov teeb taub hau ua tau raws li UKCA (UK Conformity Assessed) cov cai cim rau cov khoom muag hauv kev lag luam Great Britain. Lub cim UKCA hloov lub cim CE rau feem ntau cov khoom, tab sis Northern Ireland tseem lees txais lub cim CE raws li Northern Ireland Protocol.

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum muab daim ntawv tshaj tawm UK ntawm kev ua raws li txoj cai, uas zoo ib yam li EU DoC tab sis siv cov cai ntawm UK. Kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai xav tau tus lej EORI uas cov tub ceev xwm UK muab. Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum xa cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev xa khoom tuaj thiab them cov se thiab VAT. Cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab, suav nrog cov ntawv qhia kev xeem thiab kev ntsuam xyuas kev pheej hmoo, yuav tsum muaj rau kev tshuaj xyuas. Tsoomfwv UK tuaj yeem thov pov thawj ntawm kev ua raws li txoj cai txhua lub sijhawm, yog li cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa.

Switzerland, Norway, thiab Lwm Lub Tebchaws EEA Markets

Switzerland thiab Norway, ua cov tswv cuab ntawm European Economic Area (EEA), ua raws li cov cai zoo sib xws rau EU rau kev ua raws li CE headlamp. Cov neeg xa khoom yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom muaj lub cim CE thiab ua tau raws li txhua cov lus qhia ntawm EU. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv kev lis kev cai hauv cov tebchaws no xav tau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj zoo ib yam, suav nrog Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai thiab cov ntawv qhia kev xeem txhawb nqa.

Ib daim ntawv teev cov kev cai tseem ceeb rau cov lag luam no:

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum paub meej txog tej yam uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv lub tebchaws ua ntej xa khoom. Kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv kom tshiab ua rau kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai thiab kev nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam yooj yim.

Kev Tshuaj Xyuas Ua Ntej Xa Khoom thiab Kev Txheeb Xyuas kom ua raws li CE headlight

Daim Ntawv Teev Xyuas Kev Ua Raws Cai

Daim ntawv teev cov khoom ua ntej xa khoom yuav pab cov neeg xa khoom tuaj kom tsis txhob raug nqi ntau thiab muaj teeb meem kev ua raws li txoj cai. Txhua zaus xa khoom ntawm lub teeb taub hau yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas kom meej ua ntej tawm hauv lub Hoobkas. Cov kauj ruam hauv qab no yog daim ntawv teev cov khoom uas ntseeg tau:

1. Npaj txhua daim ntawv ua haujlwm, suav nrog daim ntawv them nqi lag luam, daim ntawv teev khoom, daim ntawv pov thawj xa khoom, thiab daim ntawv pov thawj keeb kwm.
2. Siv cov lej HS kom raug rau kev faib tawm cov khoom.
3. Tshaj tawm tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm cov khoom siv cov txheej txheem ntsuas tus nqi uas tau txais.
4. Them tag nrho cov se, cov nqi, thiab cov nqi uas siv tau.
5. Khaws cov ntaub ntawv kom ntxaws txog txhua qhov kev lag luam thiab daim ntawv.
6. To taub thiab ua raws li cov cai tswjfwm kev xa khoom tuaj thiab cov cai tswjfwm kev lis kev cai ntawm lub tebchaws uas koj xav xa khoom tuaj.
7. Xav txog kev ntiav cov kws tshaj lij kev lis kev cai lossis cov neeg ua lag luam rau kev tshem tawm kom yooj yim.
8. Xyuas kom meej tias lub cim CE ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, xyuas kom lub cim pom tseeb, nyeem tau yooj yim, ruaj khov, thiab qhov siab tsawg kawg yog 5 hli.
9. Xyuas kom tseeb tias Daim Ntawv Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai teev tag nrho cov lus qhia ntawm EU.
10. Paub tseeb tias cov ntaub ntawv kev siv tshuab suav nrog txhua cov ntaub ntawv xav tau thiab cov ntawv qhia kev xeem.
11. Xyuas kom cov ntawv lo thiab cov ntim khoom teeb pom kev zoo ua tau raws li cov qauv ntawm EU.
12. Ua kev tshuaj xyuas pom thiab sim ntawm qhov chaw kom paub txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom thiab kev nyab xeeb.
13. Tau txais daim ntawv qhia txog kev tshuaj xyuas kom ntxaws nrog cov pov thawj duab.

Lub Tswv Yim: Daim ntawv teev cov khoom kom ntxaws yuav txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsis ua raws li txoj cai thiab kev tsis lees txais cov khoom xa tuaj.

Ua Haujlwm Nrog Cov Neeg Tshuaj Xyuas Sab Nraud

Cov neeg soj ntsuam sab nraud ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas kev ua raws li cov khoom. Cov kws tshaj lij ywj pheej no kuaj thiab sim cov teeb taub hau kom paub tseeb tias lawv ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm daim ntawv cog lus thiab kev cai lij choj. Lawv kuj ua kev tshuaj xyuas hauv Hoobkas, soj ntsuam cov kev coj ua tsim khoom thiab cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas zoo. Los ntawm kev siv cov kev pabcuam tshuaj xyuas sab nraud uas muaj npe nrov, cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas kev tswj hwm zoo ntawm cov neeg xa khoom, txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj, thiab xyuas kom ua raws li cov qauv thoob ntiaj teb thiab cheeb tsam. Txoj hauv kev no txhawb nqa kev pob tshab thiab tsim kev ntseeg siab nrog ob tus thawj coj thiab cov neeg siv khoom.

Cov Kauj Ruam Kawg Ua Ntej Xa Khoom

Ua ntej xa khoomCov teeb taub hau CE tau ntawv pov thawj, cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum ua tiav ob peb kauj ruam kawg ntawm kev txheeb xyuas:

1. Ua qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho ntawm thawj qhov kev xa khoom kom paub tseeb tias cov khoom zoo.
2. Ua kev kuaj xyuas cov qauv rau cov khoom xa tuaj tom ntej.
3. Paub meej cov ntsiab lus ntim khoom, suav nrog qhov loj me, cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev luam ntawv.
4. Tau kev pom zoo rau kev tsim lub logo ua ntej thov.
5. Xyuas kom meej cov kev tsim khoom xws li qhov ntau thiab cov ntaub ntawv.
6. Npaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom tsim nyog.
7. Paub meej cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom ua ntawv sau, suav nrog hnub tim thiab hom kev thauj mus los.
8. Tau txais cov ntawv theej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom rau kev taug qab thiab kev thov nyiaj.
9. Ua tiav kev lis kev cai thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm qhov chaw nres nkoj.

Cov kauj ruam no pab ua kom lub teeb taub hau CE ua raws li thiab nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam tau yooj yim.

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yeem ua kom nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam tau yooj yim los ntawm kev ua raws li cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb no:

1. Khaws cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kom zoo, suav nrog daim ntawv pov thawj ECE R149 thiab cov ntawv cim E-Mark.
2. Paub meej cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov neeg muab khoom thiab thov daim ntawv pov thawj ua raws li txoj cai.
3. Khaws tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xa khoom tuaj kom zoo rau kev tshem tawm kev lis kev cai.
4. Kev coj cwj pwmkev tshuaj xyuas ua ntej xa khoomthiab kev kuaj khoom.
5. Ua kom muaj kev ua raws cai thaum ntxov hauv kev tsim khoom thiab tsim cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hla ntau txoj haujlwm.
6. Nqis peev rau hauv kev kuaj xyuas kom meej thiab nyob twj ywm cov kev cai tshiab uas hloov pauv tas li.

Cov ntaub ntawv sau tseg thiab kev txheeb xyuas ua ntej tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev ua raws li CE headlight hauv xyoo 2025.

Cov Lus Nug Feem Ntau

Cov ntaub ntawv twg yuav tsum khaws cia rau cov neeg xa khoom kom ua raws li CE headlight?

Cov neeg xa khoom tuaj yuav tsum khaws cov ntaub ntawvKev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Ua Raws Cai, cov ntaub ntawv txog kev siv tshuab, cov ntawv qhia txog kev sim, thiab cov phau ntawv qhia rau cov neeg siv. Cov tub ceev xwm tuaj yeem thov cov ntaub ntawv no txhua lub sijhawm. Khaws tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsawg kawg yog 10 xyoo tom qab cov khoom kawg nkag mus rau hauv kev ua lag luam.

Puas muaj peev xwm muag lub teeb taub hau hauv EU yam tsis muaj lub cim CE?

Tsis yog. Lubcim CEyog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev muag khoom raug cai hauv EU. Cov khoom uas tsis muaj lub cim CE yuav raug kev tsis lees paub los ntawm kev lis kev cai, raug nplua, lossis raug xa rov qab. Ib txwm xyuas lub cim ua ntej xa khoom.

Leej twg yog tus muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua raws li CE: chaw tsim khoom lossis tus neeg xa khoom?

Ob tog sib koom lub luag haujlwm. Tus neeg tsim khoom xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ua tau raws li txhua yam uas yuav tsum tau ua thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj. Tus neeg xa khoom tuaj xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ua raws li txoj cai, khaws cov ntaub ntawv, thiab xyuas kom meej tias lub cim CE thiab cov ntawv lo yog qhov tseeb.

Qhov txawv ntawm CE thiab E-cim rau lub teeb taub hau yog dab tsi?

Lus Cim: Cov teeb taub hau raug cai rau kev tsav tsheb yuav tsum muaj ob lub cim rau kev nkag mus rau hauv kev lag luam EU.